Biophysical parameters influencing secondary oxidants activation in human serum exposed to singlet oxygen

Abstract

Singlet oxygen (¹O₂), produced during photodynamic therapy, deactivates during its interaction with tissues by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxides as well as other degradation products. Here we investigated the role of parameters of light delivery, O(2), and temperature on the ROS and peroxides production, secondary to ¹O₂. A series of simple in vitro experiments has been performed with Rose Bengal (RB) as a ¹O₂ producer, human serum (HS) as a target and dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) as a nonspecific marker, becoming fluorescent when oxidized. The overall secondary production of ROS and peroxides in HS had also been compared to fetal calf serum (FCS) or mice sera. Increasing power but with a same delivered energy decreased secondary ROS and peroxides when increasing power with a same duration for light delivery increased them. Increasing delivered energy increased linearly secondary ROS or peroxides. Delivering O₂ by bubbling before light delivery increased secondary ROS or peroxides, when Ar decreased them. Delivering gases after light delivery had no influence on secondary ROS or peroxides production. Increasing temperature from 20 to 40 °C increased secondary ROS or peroxides production but freezing after light delivery either before or after measurement had only a mild influence. Secondary ROS or peroxides production was 2 or 4 times lower in HS than in FCS or nude mice sera respectively. PDT seems to consist of two subsequent phases, both linked but developing independently. The intensity of photo-reactions varied with the model, human sera producing less secondary ROS than fetal calf or mouse sera. Search for new sensitizers should consider secondary ROS-induced pathways in addition to ¹O₂ production.