Synthesis of cationic antimicrobial β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives with potential for oral administration

J Med Chem. 2011 Feb 10;54(3):858-68. doi: 10.1021/jm101327d. Epub 2011 Jan 10.

Abstract

We have prepared a series of highly potent achiral cationic β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives that fulfill the Lipinski's rule of five and that contain the basic structural requirements of short cationic antimicrobial peptides. Highest antimicrobial potency was observed for one of the smallest β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives (M(w) 423.6) exhibiting a MIC of 3.8 μM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE), and Staphylococcus aureus, and 7.7 μM against Escherichia coli. The β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives were shown to have similar absorption properties as several commercially available drugs, and the results implied a resembling membrane disrupting mechanism of action as reported for much larger cationic antimicrobial peptides. By their high potency, nontoxicity, absorption properties, and ease of synthesis, the β(2,2)-amino acid derivatives demonstrate a way to modify a vastly investigated class of cationic antimicrobial peptides into small drug-like molecules with high commercial potential.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Absorption
  • Administration, Oral
  • Amino Acids / chemical synthesis*
  • Amino Acids / chemistry
  • Amino Acids / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / chemical synthesis*
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / pharmacology
  • Escherichia coli / drug effects
  • Hemolysis
  • Humans
  • Methicillin Resistance
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Permeability
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis / drug effects
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides