Abstract
Polytheonamide B is by far the largest non-ribosomal peptide known at present, and displays extraordinary cytotoxicity (EC(50) = 68 pg ml(-1), mouse leukaemia P388 cells). Its 48 amino-acid residues include a variety of non-proteinogenic d- and l-amino acids, and the absolute stereochemistry of these amino acids alternate in sequence. These structural features induce the formation of a stable β-strand-type structure, giving rise to an overall tubular structure over 30 Å in length. In a biological setting, this fold is believed to transport cations across the lipid bilayer through a pore, thereby acting as an ion channel. Here, we report the first chemical construction of polytheonamide B. Our synthesis relies on the combination of four key stages: syntheses of non-proteinogenic amino acids, a solid-phase assembly of four fragments of polytheonamide B, silver-mediated connection of the fragments and, finally, global deprotection. The synthetic material now available will allow studies of the relationships between its conformational properties, channel functions and cytotoxicity.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
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Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Fluorenes / chemistry
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Mice
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Peptide Fragments / chemistry
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Proteins / chemical synthesis*
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Proteins / chemistry*
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Proteins / pharmacology
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Safrole / analogs & derivatives
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Safrole / chemistry
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Stereoisomerism
Substances
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9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Fluorenes
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Peptide Fragments
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Proteins
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polytheonamide B
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Safrole
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sulfoxide
Associated data
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PubChem-Substance/87350313
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PubChem-Substance/87350314
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PubChem-Substance/87350315
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PubChem-Substance/87350316
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PubChem-Substance/87350317
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PubChem-Substance/87350318
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PubChem-Substance/87350319
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PubChem-Substance/87350320
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PubChem-Substance/87350321
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PubChem-Substance/87350322
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PubChem-Substance/87350323
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PubChem-Substance/87350324
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PubChem-Substance/87350325
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PubChem-Substance/87350326
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PubChem-Substance/87350327
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PubChem-Substance/87350328
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PubChem-Substance/87350329
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PubChem-Substance/87350330
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PubChem-Substance/87350331
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PubChem-Substance/87350332
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PubChem-Substance/87350333
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PubChem-Substance/87350334
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PubChem-Substance/87350335
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PubChem-Substance/87350336
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PubChem-Substance/87350348
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PubChem-Substance/87350352
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PubChem-Substance/87350355
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PubChem-Substance/87350356
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PubChem-Substance/87350357