[Prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in adult asthmatic patients attending allergist, primary care and pulmonologist settings in Spain (AIR study)]

Abstract

Background and objectives: Rhinitis and asthma are linked by common epidemiological, clinical and inflammatory features. The objective of the AIR study was to understand the prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in adult asthmatic patients who were seen in either primary or secondary care (Allergy or Pulmonology) in Spain.

Patients and methods: This was a prospective epidemiological study with the participation of 1,369 randomly selected physicians. Five thousand six hundred sixteen asthmatic patients older than 18 years of age were selected and the study was carried out between February-September 2006. Demographic data, rhinitis prevalence, pulmonary function, allergy tests and treatments were analyzed.

Results: Some 75% (N=4,212) of the asthmatic patients presented with additional rhinitis and these were characterised as being both younger (41.3 vs 50.4 years; p<0.0001) and with less severe asthma (FEV(1)=86.6 vs 79.3%, p<0.0001) than asthmatic patients without rhinitis. A positive correlation was found between asthma and rhinitis severity (p<0.0001) whilst atopy was significantly associated with the presence of rhinitis (81 vs 48%; OR: 4.80; CI 95%: 4.2-5.5). The presence of co-morbid rhinitis was associated with a higher number of asthma exacerbations (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Some 75% of our asthmatic patients had associated rhinitis and this association was more frequent in atopic subjects. There is a positive correlation between the severity of rhinitis and asthma and between the number of asthma exacerbations and the presence of rhinitis. These results support the main message of ARIA and GEMA recommendations regarding the integral management of airways to improve the control of asthma.