The dopamine system plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Altough there is sufficient information and knowledge about several dopamine receptor subtypes and their functions, until the last decade the role of the D3 receptor was almost unclear. Recent research data proved that the D3 receptor might have a significant role in fine tuning the modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Cariprazine is a novel agent developed in Hungary, its activity on the dopamine D3 receptor might open up new dimensions in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia and affective disorders.