A sandwich ELISA was developed for the detection of circulating antigen 14-3-3 in the sera of rabbits. Rabbits that were infected with 500 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum were grouped and the kinetics of 14-3-3 was observed. For the treated group, the 14-3-3 protein could be detected as early as 2-4 weeks postinfection and then its levels rose rapidly and reached a peak at around 6 weeks. The 14-3-3 levels in the sera significantly decreased after the infected rabbits were treated with praziquantel at 6 weeks postinfection and declined to the initial level about 8 weeks posttreatment. While in the untreated group, 14-3-3 levels reached a peak in 8 weeks postinfection and then remained at plateau level for about 6 weeks. Our findings showed that detection of S. japonicum 14-3-3 has an important value for diagnosis of acute infection of S. japonicum and evaluation of chemotherapy.