Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyi:c) is a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and an agonist of toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5). The effect of polyi:c on tumor immunotherapy has been well explored for several decades. The accumulated evidence suggests that polyi:c could be used as a vaccine adjuvant to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, and to alter the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have also shown that activation of TLR3 and RLR signaling by polyi:c can directly trigger apoptosis in some cancer cells. This review focuses on polyi:c-induced signaling pathways and the applications of polyi:c in cancer treatment.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adaptive Immunity
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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Apoptosis
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Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
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DEAD Box Protein 58
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DEAD-box RNA Helicases / genetics
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DEAD-box RNA Helicases / immunology
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DEAD-box RNA Helicases / metabolism
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Humans
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Immunity, Innate
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Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
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Neoplasms / drug therapy*
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Neoplasms / immunology
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Neoplasms / pathology
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Poly I-C / pharmacology*
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Poly I-C / therapeutic use
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Receptors, Immunologic
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Signal Transduction / drug effects*
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Toll-Like Receptor 3 / agonists
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Toll-Like Receptor 3 / immunology
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Toll-Like Receptor 3 / metabolism
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Tumor Microenvironment
Substances
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Receptors, Immunologic
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Toll-Like Receptor 3
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RIGI protein, human
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IFIH1 protein, human
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DEAD Box Protein 58
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DEAD-box RNA Helicases
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Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1
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Poly I-C