A genetic linkage map of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was constructed using Type I and Type II microsatellite markers and a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. The microsatellite markers were isolated from microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries and tested for their segregation in a full-sib mapping panel containing 92 individuals. A total of 161 microsatellite loci were mapped into 54 linkage groups. The total lengths of the female, male and consensus maps were 2,000, 946, and 1,852 cM, with an average marker spacing of approximately 13, 7, and 11 cM, respectively. Muscle fiber-related traits, including muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density, were mapped to the genetic map. Three QTLs for muscle fiber cross-section area and two QTLs for muscle fiber density were identified when considering both significant and suggestive QTL effects. The QTLs with largest effects for muscle fiber cross-section area and muscle fiber density were 21.9% and 18.9%, and they were located in LG3, respectively.