The Burnout Syndrome has been considered a public health issue because of the physical and mental health implications on workers, with clear effect on the quality of life at work. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the Burnout syndrome in elementary school teachers in the city of João Pessoa, PB, and its relationship with sociodemographic and labor variables. Results showed that 33.6% of teachers presented high levels of Emotional Exhaustion, 8.3% a high level of Depersonalization, and 43.4% a low level of Professional Achievement. Socio-demographic and labor variables were associated with the dimensions of Burnout. Results indicate the importance of understanding and acknowledging occupational diseases to include teachers in public policy measures for the health and well-being of the category.