Very important changes have happened in the field of the genitourinary image during the last half of the 20th century, so that for most of the historical intravenous urography indications, nowadays the computerized tomography (CT) is technique of choice. The aim of this report is to perform an update in the correct use of the imaging techniques in the adult-related most frequent urological pathology, including: urolithiasis, haematuria, infections, tumours, surgery follow-up and pyelectasis, specially focused in CT. A brief historical review of the urological imaging techniques is performed, emphasizing the physical principles. In the second part, the role played by plain X-ray, ultrasound, CT and MR in the different urological pathologies are reviewed, discussing the sensibility and specificity of each technique. A brief reflection is finally carried out over of the radiation doses.