Smad7 restricts melanoma invasion by restoring N-cadherin expression and establishing heterotypic cell-cell interactions in vivo

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2010 Dec;23(6):795-808. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00758.x. Epub 2010 Aug 25.

Abstract

The list of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-related proteins in non-canonical TGF-β signaling is growing. Examples include receptor-Smads directing micro-RNA processing and inhibitory-Smads, e.g. Smad7, directing cell adhesion. Human skin grafts with fluorescently tagged melanoma cells revealed Smad7-expressing cells positioned themselves proximal to the dermal-epidermal junction and failed to form tumors, while control cells readily invaded and formed tumors within the dermis. Smad7 significantly inhibited β-catenin T41/S45 phosphorylation associated with degradation and induced a 4.5-fold increase in full-length N-cadherin. Cell adhesion assays confirmed a strong interaction between Smad7-expressing cells and primary dermal fibroblasts mediated via N-cadherin, while control cells were incapable of such interaction. Immunofluorescent analysis of skin grafts indicated N-cadherin homotypic interaction at the surface of both Smad7 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts, in contrast to control melanoma cells. We propose that Smad7 suppresses β-catenin degradation and promotes interaction with N-cadherin, stabilizing association with neighboring dermal fibroblasts, thus mitigating invasion.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, CD / metabolism*
  • Cadherins / metabolism*
  • Cell Communication*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Dermis / metabolism
  • Dermis / pathology
  • Disease Progression
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Keratinocytes / metabolism
  • Male
  • Melanoma / metabolism*
  • Melanoma / pathology*
  • Models, Biological
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Skin Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Skin Transplantation
  • Smad7 Protein / metabolism*
  • beta Catenin / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • CDH2 protein, human
  • Cadherins
  • SMAD7 protein, human
  • Smad7 Protein
  • beta Catenin
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins