Evading surface and detector frequency noise in harmonic oscillator measurements of force gradients

Appl Phys Lett. 2010 Jul 26;97(4):044105. doi: 10.1063/1.3465906. Epub 2010 Jul 30.

Abstract

We introduce and demonstrate a method of measuring small force gradients acting on a harmonic oscillator in which the force-gradient signal of interest is used to parametrically up-convert a forced oscillation below resonance into an amplitude signal at the oscillator's resonance frequency. The approach, which we demonstrate in a mechanically detected electron spin resonance experiment, allows the force-gradient signal to evade detector frequency noise by converting a slowly modulated frequency signal into an amplitude signal.