A tridimensional surface roughness test evaluation is a nondestructive method that can be used to perform a topographic analysis of different surface treatments for glass and quartz fiber posts. This study divided 75 fiber posts into three groups according to their manufacturer. Each group was divided into five subgroups (n = 5), according to the surface treatment each received: immersion in hydrofluoric acid, sandblasting, immersion in hydrogen peroxide, sandblasting followed by immersion in hydrofluoric acid, or sandblasting followed by immersion in hydrogen peroxide. Surface roughness was measured using a tridimensional surface roughness test and analyzed with three-dimensional analysis software. Results were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test. The only surface treatment to modify the surface topography of glass and quartz fiber posts and provide a significant increase in roughness was sandblasting airborne-particle abrasion with 50 micro alumina at a distance of 30 mm, using 2.5 bars of pressure for five seconds.