Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: incidence, risk factors, and economic burden

J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010 Dec;24(6):952-8. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2010.03.009. Epub 2010 May 31.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), the predisposing factors, the results of treatment before discharge, and the impact on duration and costs of hospitalization.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007.

Interventions: Electrocardiography was continuously monitored after surgery. Patients with symptomatic new-onset atrial fibrillation or lasting >15 minutes were treated with amiodarone and with DC shock in prolonged cases.

Results: POAF occurred in 29.7%, with the higher incidence between the 1st and 4th postoperative day. Age (p < 0.001), atrial size >40 mm (p < 0.001), previous episodes of AF (p < 0.001), female sex (p = 0.010), and combined valve and bypass surgery (p = 0.012) were multivariate predictors of POAF at logistic regression. Sinus rhythm was restored by early treatment in 205 of 215 patients. This was associated with a low incidence of cerebrovascular events (<0.5%) and with a limited increase of average length of hospitalization (24 hours) in patients with POAF.

Conclusions: The overall incidence of POAF in the authors' center is close to 30%; 95.3% of patients were discharged in sinus rhythm. The increase in length and costs of hospitalization (on average, 1.0 day with a burden of about €1,800/patient) were significantly lower than in previous investigations.

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Amiodarone / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / therapeutic use
  • Atrial Fibrillation / economics*
  • Atrial Fibrillation / epidemiology*
  • Atrial Fibrillation / therapy
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures / adverse effects*
  • Cardiac Surgical Procedures / economics*
  • Causality
  • Cost of Illness
  • Costs and Cost Analysis
  • Echocardiography
  • Electric Stimulation Therapy
  • Electrocardiography
  • Endpoint Determination
  • Female
  • Hospitalization / economics
  • Humans
  • Length of Stay
  • Logistic Models
  • Middle Aged
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Odds Ratio
  • Postoperative Complications / economics*
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Postoperative Complications / therapy
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
  • Amiodarone