This work was designed to study expression of Toll 1-10 receptors on the surface of cells present in inflammatory infiltrate from nasal polyps and peripheral blood of the patients with polypous rhinosinusitis. It was shown that the intensity of expression depended on the pathomorphological characteristics of nasal polyps. Tissues removed from the patients with polyps of the oedematous type contained more Toll-10 positive cells and showed enhanced expression of Toll-5 receptors on monocytes and lymphocytes, Toll-3 receptors on monocytes, granulocytes, and lymphocytes, and Toll-9 receptors on granulocytes. In contrast, patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps of the fibroedematous type exhibited suppressed expression of Tol-7 receptors on monocytes and Toll-10 receptors on granulocytes coupled to the reduced number of Toll-6 positive lymphocytes as well as enhanced expression of Toll-1 receptors on monocytes, Toll-4 and Toll-5 receptors on granulocytes, and Toll-5 receptors on lymphocytes. It is concluded that only Toll-1, Toll-3, Toll-4, Toll-5, Toll-7, Toll-9 and Toll-10 receptors of their ten types identified thus far in patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and two pathomorphological variants of nasal polyps undergo modulation of expression. These findings open up prospects for the use of new methods for the management of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis by affecting selected components of congenital immunity.