Granulocytic sarcoma of the stomach: relapse after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia

Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2010;3(2):94-8. doi: 10.1016/s1658-3876(10)50042-6.

Abstract

An 18-year-old male underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in the first late chronic phase. On day 132, he was readmitted to the hospital with nausea, vomiting and nodular lesions on endoscopy. A diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma of the stomach was made. Bone marrow cytogenetic analysis for the Philadelphia chromosome and nested polymerase chain reaction for BCR-ABL1 were both negative. Immunosuppression was abruptly discontinued, and by day 180, all gastric lesions had completely disappeared. However, there were histological signs of graft-versus-host disease. The patient developed progressive anorexia and elevated hepatic enzymes, which prompted the reintroduction of cyclosporine. Considering the risk of another relapse, imatinib mesylate (IM) 600 mg/day was started. The patient Is condition improved, and there was no evidence of disease recurrence at 36 months after relapse. Relapse of CML is the commonest cause of treatment failure after allo-HSCT. On rare occasions, a localized extramedullary presentation is seen. Unless properly treated, other extramedullary relapse sites and/or marrow infiltration usually occur. Withdrawal of immunosuppression, along with IM therapy seems to be an acceptable approach in this setting.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Antineoplastic Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Benzamides
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Humans
  • Imatinib Mesylate
  • Immunosuppression Therapy / adverse effects
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / pathology
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / therapy*
  • Male
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary* / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms, Second Primary* / pathology
  • Piperazines / administration & dosage*
  • Pyrimidines / administration & dosage*
  • Sarcoma, Myeloid* / drug therapy
  • Sarcoma, Myeloid* / pathology
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / drug therapy
  • Stomach Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Transplantation, Homologous

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Benzamides
  • Piperazines
  • Pyrimidines
  • Imatinib Mesylate