This article reviews and synthesizes research studies on fathers of children diagnosed with cancer in order to identify the stressors resulting from their child's diagnosis. A systematic search of the literature between 1980 and 2007 generated 53 eligible studies that specifically identified issues relevant to fathers of children with cancer. Fathers experience unique stressors that may be related to gender-related roles. These stressors need specific focus and clinical attention from social workers. Review findings indicate the unique role gender plays in coping with childhood cancer, the importance of involving fathers in childhood cancer research, and in structuring psychosocial support addressing their specific concerns.