The latent HIV-1 reservoirs established early during infection present a major obstacle for virus eradication. Complete eradication of the virus from infected patients may require a purge of the reservoirs. Since the development of a HIV-1 vaccine is not achieved, and therefore remains a major challenge for the immunologists, future direction towards an effective curative therapy for HIV-1 infection will rely on the development of original therapeutic strategies which take into account latency, chronic replication and accessibility to tissue-sanctuary.