Cancer-associated fibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in metastatic oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Int J Cancer. 2010 Sep 1;127(6):1356-62. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25358.

Abstract

We examined cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and a panel of immunohistochemical markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 19 pair-matched oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and metastatic tumors to regional lymph nodes (RLNs). alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was studied to identify CAFs. EMT was studied with syndecan-1, Cadherin-11, fibroblast-specific protein (FSP)-1, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) and Twist. Triple immunostaining in RLNs was used to highlight the carcinoma cells (E-cadherin and Ki-67) and their relationship to the CAFs (alpha-SMA). We found that metastatic RLNs hosted CAFs similarly as in pair-matched primary tumors. Expression of EMT markers is common in both primary and metastatic tumors. We demonstrate that metastatic carcinoma cells (Ki-67 positive) downregulate E-cadherin expression at the periphery of cancer islands, where they are in direct contact with CAFs. The supporting connective tissue microenvironment also commonly expresses syndecan-1, Cadherin-11, FSP-1, and SPARC. In conclusion, CAFs are common to both primary and metastatic SCC. We hypothesize that CAFs not only promote tumor invasion but also facilitate metastases, either by cometastasizing and/or being recruited to lymph nodes. Evidence of EMT is common within primary tumors and metastatic SCC and may be further modulated by CAFs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cadherins / metabolism
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / metabolism
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / pathology*
  • Epithelial Cells / pathology*
  • Fibroblasts / pathology
  • Humans
  • Ki-67 Antigen / metabolism
  • Lymphatic Metastasis*
  • Mesoderm / chemistry*
  • Osteonectin / metabolism
  • S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4
  • Syndecan-1 / metabolism
  • Tongue Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Tongue Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Twist-Related Protein 1 / metabolism

Substances

  • Cadherins
  • Calcium-Binding Proteins
  • Ki-67 Antigen
  • Osteonectin
  • S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4
  • Syndecan-1
  • Twist-Related Protein 1
  • S100A4 protein, human
  • osteoblast cadherin