Toxicity of sodium arsenite in the gill of an economically important mollusc of India

Abstract

Toxicity of arsenic was investigated in the gill of Lamellidens marginalis by exposing the animals to sublethal concentrations of sodium arsenite for a maximum period of 30 days in controlled laboratory conditions. Arsenite exposure inhibited the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in a dose and time dependent manner. Depletion in cytotoxic molecule like nitric oxide (NO) and suppression of phenoloxidase (PO) activity suggests an immune compromise in the animal. Inhibition in the activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) in the species indicate impairment of its vital detoxification process and elevated oxidative stress respectively. Histopathology of the gill indicates arsenite induced damage of the organ leading to its possible dysfunction. The toxic exposure ravaged the structure and impaired the functions of the gill of the animal which might restrict its proper gaseous exchange, filter feeding and elicitation of immune responses against pathogens.