Microring quadrature modulators

Opt Lett. 2009 Dec 15;34(24):3878-80. doi: 10.1364/OL.34.003878.

Abstract

A high-Q microring integrated with a dual-2x2-Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupler is proposed as a low-chirp, low-distortion, low-drive-power, quadrature modulator capable of M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and phase-shift keyed outputs. The modulation rate can greatly exceed the resonator linewidth and is limited only by the coupler response or free spectral range.