Perirectal abscesses and fistulas represent the acute and chronic manifestations of the same disease process, an infected anal gland. They have beleaguered patients and physicians for millennia. A thorough understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the disease process is critical for optimal diagnosis and management. Abscess management is fairly straightforward, with incision and drainage being the hallmark of therapy. Fistula management is much more complicated. It requires striking a balance between rates of healing and potential alteration of fecal continence. This, therefore, requires much more finesse. Many techniques are now available in the armamentarium of the surgeon who treats fistula-in-ano. Although no single technique is appropriate for all patients and all fistula types, appropriate selection of patients and choice of repair technique should yield higher success rates with lower associated morbidity.
Keywords: Abscess; fistula; fistula-in-ano; perianal; perirectal.