Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is a powerful activator of innate immune responses. LPS binds to the proteins Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MD2 to activate pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. The TLR4-MD2 receptor complex is crucial for the host recognition of Gram-negative bacterial infection, and pathogens have devised many strategies to evade or manipulate TLR4-MD2 activity. The TLR4-MD2 signalling pathway is therefore potentially an important therapeutic target. This Progress article focuses on recent exciting data that have revealed the structural basis of TLR4-MD2 recognition of LPS.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Gram-Negative Bacteria / chemistry*
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Gram-Negative Bacteria / immunology*
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Humans
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Lipopolysaccharides / chemistry*
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Lipopolysaccharides / immunology*
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Lipopolysaccharides / metabolism
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Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / chemistry
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Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / immunology
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Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / metabolism
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Models, Molecular
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Molecular Structure
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Protein Binding
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Protein Structure, Quaternary
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Signal Transduction
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / chemistry
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / immunology
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism
Substances
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Cytokines
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Lipopolysaccharides
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Lymphocyte Antigen 96
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Toll-Like Receptor 4