This article presents the overview of self-efficacy theory, description of self-efficacy measurement scale and meaning of self-efficacy in health behaviour change models. Health behaviour impact on health and quality of life of individuals and populations is direct. Shifting health behaviour into pro-health direction is multi-conditioned process and composes of complexity of phenomena involved. Health education strategies which include self-efficacy will be more effective when people will be convinced about their ability to change their own health behaviours. Self-efficacy ought to be included in planning, implementation and evaluation of health education strategies, so their outcomes are much improved. In pursuit of health behaviour change, health education should be integrated into the health system: health care, rehabilitation, prevention and health promotion.