Background: The main aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of the various forms of locoregional recurrence in sentinel node-positive melanoma patients, to determine whether the different definitions that are being used to describe in-transit metastases influence this rate, and to identify factors associated with locoregional recurrence. A comparison was made with the rate of locoregional recurrence in patients who underwent lymph node dissection for palpable metastases.
Methods: Between December 1993 and December 2008, a total of 141 patients underwent completion lymph node dissection because of a tumor-positive sentinel node. In the same period, 178 patients underwent a regional lymph node dissection for palpable nodal metastases.
Results: In the sentinel node-positive patients, the local recurrence rate was 5%, the rate of satellite metastasis was 2%, and for in-transit metastasis, it was 15%. In patients with palpable nodal involvement, these values were 3%, 2%, and 14%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in locoregional recurrence-free rates between these two groups of node-positive patients (P = .172). Breslow thickness was the only predictive factor for locoregional recurrence (P = .015).
Conclusions: The rate of locoregional metastases in patients with a tumor-positive sentinel node and patients with palpable nodal involvement is similar. The present study refutes the suggestion that a positive sentinel node indicates a predisposition for developing in-transit metastases.