Aims: The objective of the study was to analyse the influence of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) on the outcomes of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation after a first procedure. Pre-procedural predictors of recurrences after AF ablation can be useful for patient information and selection of candidates. The independent influence of LV systolic dysfunction on recurrence rate has not been studied.
Methods and results: A case-control study (1:1) was conducted with a total of 72 patients: 36 cases (depressed LVEF) and 36 controls (normal LVEF). Patients were matched by left atrial diameter (LAD), the presence of arterial hypertension, and other variables that might influence the results (age, gender and paroxysmal vs. persistent AF). There were no statistical differences in the variables used to perform the matching. Patients with depressed LVEF had higher LV end diastolic diameter (55.6 +/- 6.2 vs. 52.4 +/- 5.5, P = 0.03), higher LV end systolic diameter (40.3 +/- 6.9 vs. 32.6 +/- 4.3, P < 0.001), lower LVEF (41.4 +/- 8.0 vs. 63.1 +/- 5.5, P < 0.001) and were more likely to have structural heart disease. After a mean follow-up of 16 +/- 13 months, survival analysis for AF recurrences showed no differences between patients with depressed vs. normal LVEF (50.0 vs. 55.6%, log rank = 0.82). Cox regression analysis revealed LAD to be the only variable correlated to recurrence [OR 1.11 (1.01-1.22), P = 0.03]. Analysis at 6 months showed a significant increase in LVEF (43.23 +/- 7.61 to 51.12 +/- 13.53%, P = 0.01) for the case group.
Conclusion: LV systolic dysfunction by itself is not a predictor of outcome after AF ablation. LAD independently correlates with outcome in patients with low or normal LVEF.