Toward an implantable wireless cardiac monitoring platform integrated with an FDA-approved cardiovascular stent

J Interv Cardiol. 2009 Oct;22(5):479-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2009.00483.x.

Abstract

Continuous monitoring of blood pressure from a minimally invasive device in the pulmonary artery can serve as a diagnostic and early warning system for cardiac health. The foremost challenge in such a device is the wireless transfer of data and power from within the blood vessel to an external device while maintaining unrestricted flow through the artery. We present a miniaturized system, which is attached to the outer surface of a regular or drug-eluting FDA-approved stent. When expanded, the stent maintains a patent vessel lumen while allowing contact between the electronic sensors and the blood supply. The stent-based antenna can be used for both wireless telemetry and power transfer for the implanted electronics. Using the stent platform as both a radiating antenna and a structural support allows us to take advantage of an FDA-approved device whose safety and surgical procedure are well established. The electronics package has been reduced to an area of less than 1 mm(2), with a thickness under 300 mum. A minimally invasive implantation procedure allows the delivery of the stent-based implant in nearly any major vessel of the body. This article describes an initial prototype with two stents configured as a single dipole, a 2.4-GHz transmitter microchip, and a battery, and validates transcutaneous transmission through ex vivo and in vivo porcine studies. The results demonstrate the feasibility of a stent-based wireless platform for continuous monitoring of blood pressure.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / instrumentation*
  • Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / methods*
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / instrumentation*
  • Blood Vessel Prosthesis*
  • Coronary Vessels / surgery
  • Models, Animal
  • Prosthesis Design
  • Stents*
  • Swine
  • Telemetry / instrumentation
  • Treatment Outcome