Objective: To determine the effect, safety, and feasibility of embolization of high flow arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) with HepaSphere microspheres.
Methods: HepaSphere particles swell by absorbing fluids and become soft and deformable with a precisely calibrated diameter. 13 patients with AVMs were treated by transarterial embolization with HepaSphere particles. 3 cases underwent a following AVMs resection surgery. The follow-up period was 3 months to 3 years. Symptoms improvement and image examination were studied.
Results: 28 transarterial embolizations were performed in 13 cases. The resection operation was performed in 3 cases after transarterial embolizations. The symptoms in diffused AVMs improved after several transarterial embolizations. Histologically, HepaSphere particles penetrated into the intralesional vessels and conformed to the vessel lumen, resulting in vessel occlusion. Minimal perivascular reaction was observed.
Conclusions: Embolization of high flow AVMs with HepaSphere microspheres is safe and effective. Combined treatment is necessary for diffuse AVMs.