Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been implicated in cervical carcinoma and the p53 gene is polymorphic at amino acid 72 of the protein that it encodes. The association between p53 polymorphisms and risk for HPV-associated cervical cancer has been examined, but the results have been conflicting. It has been reported that patients with the arginine form have a higher risk of developing cervical cancer than those with the proline form. The purpose of this study was to examine whether p53 Arg at the polymorphic position 72 could represents a risk factor for women with high-risk HPV-associated malignant cervical lesions. In this study, the polymorphism was examined by both allele-specific PCR and RFLP analysis in 113 patients with cervical cancer and in 100 healthy controls. There was no statistical difference in the subtype distribution between the cervix cancer and the control groups. There was no significant association between genotype distribution of the p53 codon 72 polymorphism and HPV infection. Thus, polymorphism of the p53 itself as well as in combination with HPV infection may not be a genetic risk for cervical cancer and therefore much attention should be paid to other risk factors such as sexual behavior and smoking.