Quantitative monitoring of activity-dependent bulk endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membrane by fluorescent dextran imaging

J Neurosci Methods. 2009 Dec 15;185(1):76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.09.016. Epub 2009 Sep 17.

Abstract

Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE) is the dominant synaptic vesicle (SV) retrieval mode in central nerve terminals during periods of intense neuronal activity. Despite this fact there are very few real time assays that report the activity of this critical SV retrieval mode. In this paper we report a simple and quantitative assay of ADBE using uptake of large flourescent dextrans as fluid phase markers. We show that almost all dextran uptake occurs in nerve terminals, using co-localisation with the fluorescent probe FM1-43. We also demonstrate that accumulated dextran cannot be unloaded by neuronal stimulation, indicating its specific loading into bulk endosomes and not SVs. Quantification of dextran uptake was achieved by using thresholding analysis to count the number of loaded nerve terminals, since monitoring the average fluorescence intensity of these nerve terminals did not accurately report the extent of ADBE. Using this analysis we showed that dextran uptake occurs very soon after stimulation and that it does not persist when stimulation terminates. Thus we have devised a simple and quantitative method to monitor ADBE in living neurones, which will be ideal for real time screening of small molecule inhibitors of this key SV retrieval mode.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Biological Assay / methods*
  • Brain / metabolism*
  • Brain / ultrastructure
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Dextrans / chemistry
  • Dextrans / metabolism
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods
  • Endocytosis / physiology*
  • Fluorescent Dyes / chemistry
  • Fluorescent Dyes / metabolism
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods
  • Intracellular Membranes / metabolism*
  • Intracellular Membranes / ultrastructure
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence / methods*
  • Neurotransmitter Agents / metabolism
  • Presynaptic Terminals / metabolism
  • Presynaptic Terminals / ultrastructure
  • Pyridinium Compounds / chemistry
  • Pyridinium Compounds / metabolism
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / chemistry
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Synaptic Transmission / physiology
  • Synaptic Vesicles / metabolism*
  • Synaptic Vesicles / ultrastructure

Substances

  • Dextrans
  • FM1 43
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • Pyridinium Compounds
  • Quaternary Ammonium Compounds