Depression and cardiovascular disease are among the most prevalent health problems. The evidence that depression is a risk factor for the development and progression of coronary heart disease has strengthened over the past several years, but the exact reasons are not yet clear. Elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) concentrations seem to be the major factor for the progression of the atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. In this study, we measured the plasma levels of Lp(a) in 35 patients with major depressive disorder and 35 healthy controls. The two groups were matched by age and gender. Lp(a) measurement was performed using an immunoturbidimetric method. Total cholesterol was significantly lower in the patient group (mean +/-SD: 144.65+/-22.13 vs. 186.14+/-34.48 mg/dl. The Lp(a) levels of the patient group differed significantly from control values. Patients with major depressive disorder had higher plasma levels of Lp(a) than healthy controls (34.94+/-18.01 vs. 20.08+/-11.27 mg/dl). The results of the present study suggest that the increase of Lp(a) may contribute to higher cardiovascular risk in patients with major depressive disorder.