Boundaries of self-positivity: the effect of comparison focus in self-friend comparisons

J Soc Psychol. 2009 Aug;149(4):413-24. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.149.4.413-424.

Abstract

The way in which a comparison is worded has systematic effects on its outcome. In self-other comparisons, the instruction "compare yourself with your peers" triggers greater self-positivity than does the reverse instruction, "compare your peers with yourself" (focus effect). But is the focus effect due to the inclusion of a generalized target? The authors extended the focus effect from comparisons with the average peer to comparisons with specific individuals (close friend or acquaintance). Participants displayed self-positivity when they compared themselves with a close friend but not when they compared a close friend with themselves. The present research is the first to demonstrate the focus effect in comparisons of self and specific individuals.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Attitude*
  • England
  • Female
  • Friends / psychology*
  • Humans
  • Interpersonal Relations
  • Male
  • Peer Group*
  • Pilot Projects
  • Psychology, Comparative*
  • Self Concept*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult