Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular risk in young patients treated with drospirenone-ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring. A prospective, randomized, pilot study

Fertil Steril. 2010 Sep;94(4):1417-1425. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.05.044. Epub 2009 Jul 9.

Abstract

Objective: To compare the effects of a pill containing drospirenone with those of a combined contraceptive vaginal ring on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and on the surrogate markers of arterial function.

Setting: Bologna University School of Medicine.

Patient(s): Thirty-seven women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were randomly submitted to drospirenone+ethinylestradiol (group I; n=19) or combined contraceptive vaginal ring (group II; n=18) therapy. The duration of the study was 6 months.

Intervention(s): The effect of treatments was assessed after 6 months of therapy.

Main outcome measure(s): Utero-ovarian ultrasound analysis and color Doppler evaluation of uterine and stromal ovarian arteries. In addition, analysis of brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were performed. Fasting blood samples were drawn for testing biochemical and hormonal parameters and nitrites/nitrates.

Result(s): Both treatments improved hirsutism, hyperandrogenemia, and ultrasound and color Doppler ovarian parameters. Both drospirenone+ethinylestradiol or contraceptive vaginal ring induced a slight but significant increase of diurnal and 24-hour blood pressure. Although both therapies worsened the lipid profile, the oral pill administration was associated with a more evident increase of circulating triglycerides. The 6-month treatment with the vaginal ring significantly improved the area under the curve for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, whereas the drospirenone+ethinylestradiol pill induced an increase in the insulinogenic index and homeostatic model assessment estimate for insulin resistance values.

Conclusion(s): Vaginal hormonal contraception appears to be preferable to oral ethinylestradiol + drospirenone administration in hyperinsulinemic patients with PCOS.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Androstenes / adverse effects
  • Androstenes / therapeutic use*
  • Blood Pressure / drug effects
  • Brachial Artery / diagnostic imaging
  • Brachial Artery / physiopathology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology*
  • Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / drug effects
  • Contraception / methods
  • Contraceptive Devices, Female* / adverse effects
  • Ethinyl Estradiol / adverse effects
  • Ethinyl Estradiol / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood
  • Ovary / blood supply
  • Ovary / diagnostic imaging
  • Pilot Projects
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / complications
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / diagnostic imaging
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Regional Blood Flow / drug effects
  • Risk Factors
  • Ultrasonography
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Androstenes
  • Insulin
  • drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol combination
  • Ethinyl Estradiol