Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is a well-known clinical entity in adults but until now it has been less well studied in children. In recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the recognition of sleep disorders in children. Our goal is to analyze scientific data published in the last few years. We reviewed published articles regarding paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and extracted the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options. In conclusion, the natural course and long-term prognosis of childhood obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome are not well-known and further studies are needed in this area.