The ecological level of analysis: can neogibsonian principles be applied beyond perception and action?

Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2009 Dec;43(4):393-405. doi: 10.1007/s12124-009-9098-7.

Abstract

Is it useful to apply ecological principles, developed to understand perception and action, in research areas such as social psychology? Charles (Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Sciences 43(1) 53-66 2009) warns ecological psychologists interested in this question that much time and effort can be saved through a backwards extension to or rediscovery of the New Realism tradition. In response, we analyze what ecological psychology risks to lose with such a backwards extension and describe existing extensions of the approach not considered by Charles. According to Charles, New Realism holds that: (1) we experience reality, (2) relations are real, and (3) things are what you see when you see those things. Our arguments originate from a comparison of these principles with six recently described ecological ones: (1) organism-environment systems are the proper units of analysis, (2) environmental realities should be defined at the ecological scale, (3) behavior is emergent and self-organized, (4) perception and action are continuous and cyclic, (5) information is specificational, and (6) perception is of affordances (Richardson et al. 2008).

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Ego
  • Environment
  • Humans
  • Perception
  • Psychological Theory*
  • Psychology, Social
  • Social Environment*