This review is focused on up-to-date methods of radioimmune therapy and other approaches to the targeted treatment of high-grade gliomas. Radioimmune therapy with monoclonal antibodies to nucleoproteins, matrix and endothelial proteins and receptors of growth factors is discussed. New methods and themost promising techniques for the targeted treatment of gliomas (inactivation of signaling pathways, boron neutron capture therapy, targeted transport of nanoparticles by biomimetic protein vectors) are analysed.