A two-cylinder MFC, which is of new configuration, was constructed to study its power generation and waste water treatment performance. When the graphite granule was used in anode as packing material, the internal resistance was 38.9 Omega. The anodic resistance, ohmic resistance and the cathodic resistance were 5.1, 14.1 and 18.7 Omega respectively. The maximal power density was 6,253 mW/m3. When the concentration of COD was higher than 1,000 mg/L, the removal load was 1.6 kg/(m3 x d) and the columbic efficient was 10%-12%. When the graphite granule with the diameter of 6 mm, the graphite granule with the diameter of 3 mm, carbon felt and the improved carbon felt were used as anode packing materials, the MFCs' resistances were 47, 39, 28 and 33 Omega and the stabilization cycles were 20, 18, 11 and 18 d, respectively. Considering steadily performance, the improved carbon felt and the graphite granule with diameter of 3 mm are more suitable as anode packing material.