In the present work, the human bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated and expanded under in vitro condition. After their phenotypic analysis, the chondrogenic differentiation was induced by using of the three-dimensional culture system without supplementation of growth factors, and their chondrogenic potential was compared. Obtained results proved that both types of MSCs undergo the process of chondrogenic differentiation. Comparative analysis showed that chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived MSCs was slightly decreased in comparison with bone marrow-derived MSCs. However, both evaluated MSCs may play important role in the cartilage tissue engineering.