Isolation and detection of steroids from human urine by molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography

J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2009 Apr 15;877(11-12):1177-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.008. Epub 2009 Mar 16.

Abstract

Naturally occurring steroids such as progesterone, testosterone and 17beta-estradiol were analyzed in this study. These bio-identical molecules paradoxically can be either beneficial or harmful. Unfortunately as growth promoters can be toxic and cancerogenic at elevated levels. Due to difficulty in monitoring at trace quantities of these hormones in biological matrices specific adsorption materials molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were used for preconcentration and clean up in sample preparation step. A non-covalent imprinting approach was used for bulk polymerization of progesterone, testosterone and 17beta-estradiol imprinted polymers. Synthesis of MIPs was achieved by thermal, UV and gamma irradiation initiated polymerization whereby were used methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) as functional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA), trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as cross-linking agents and acetonitrile, isooctane-toluene (1:99, v/v) and chloroform as porogen solvents. It was also used as initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) or benzyl methyl ether (BME). The MIPs were applied as selective sorbents in solid-phase extraction (SPE). Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) considered as hyphenated technique were applied in extraction step before HPLC-DAD analysis of steroids from human urine.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Child
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Estradiol / urine
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Male
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Middle Aged
  • Particle Size
  • Progesterone / urine
  • Solid Phase Microextraction
  • Solvents
  • Steroids / urine*
  • Testosterone / urine

Substances

  • Indicators and Reagents
  • Solvents
  • Steroids
  • Testosterone
  • Progesterone
  • Estradiol