Background: Granulocyte transfusion is used in the treatment of severe, sustained or complicated infection and neutropenia. In recent years, the method's efficacy has improved and its availability increased. After the introduction of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) there has been a growing interest for granulocyte transfusion, and effective methods for collection and transfusion of granulocytes are now in clinical use. This paper presents clinical, immunological and ethical challenges, our own experience with granulocyte harvesting and documentation of efficacy.
Material and methods: The paper is based on our own experience with granulocyte transfusion and literature retrieved though a non-systemic search.
Results: The efficacy of granulocyte transfusion with respect to morbidity and mortality is still debated, and the method currently has no place in routine treatment of documented infection and neutropenia. However, the treatment could be an alternative for patients with inadequate response to conventional treatment and for whom sustained neutropenia is expected. The combined use of G-CSF, hydroxyethyl starch and corticosteroids considerably increases the yield of granulocytes collected for transfusion.
Interpretation: Granulocyte transfusion is clinically feasible, but more research is needed to define clinical indications and to document the procedure's efficacy. Larger randomized controlled efficacy trials are needed.