Cross-cultural invariance of the Academic Expectations Stress Inventory: adolescent samples from Canada and Singapore

J Adolesc. 2009 Oct;32(5):1225-37. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.009. Epub 2009 Feb 18.

Abstract

We provide further evidence for the two-factor structure of the 9-item Academic Expectations Stress Inventory (AESI) using confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 289 Canadian adolescents and 310 Singaporean adolescents. Examination of measurement invariance tests the assumption that the model underlying a set of scores is directly comparable across groups. This study also examined the cross-cultural validity of the AESI using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis across both the Canadian and Singaporean adolescent samples. The results suggested cross-cultural invariance of form, factor loadings, and factor variances and covariances of the AESI across both samples. Evidence of AESI's convergent and discriminant validity was also reported. Findings from t-tests revealed that Singaporean adolescents reported a significantly higher level of academic stress arising from self expectations, other expectations, and overall academic stress, compared to Canadian adolescents. Also, a larger cross-cultural effect was associated with academic stress arising from other expectations compared with academic stress arising from self expectations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Canada
  • Cross-Cultural Comparison*
  • Education*
  • Factor Analysis, Statistical
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Parent-Child Relations*
  • Schools
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Singapore
  • Stress, Psychological*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Young Adult