Background: A reduction in relative lymphocyte count (%L) has been reported in whites with heart failure that inversely correlated with jugular venous pressure thereby implicating systemic venous hypertension with splanchnic congestion.
Objectives: : To study whether a reduced %L (<20%) occurs in African-Americans (AA) with heart failure and to address pathophysiologic mechanisms having the potential to influence lymphocyte biology and survival, we monitored patients with or without systemic venous hypertension, hypoalbuminemia, hypovitaminosis D, and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Methods: In 131 AA (90 men; 53 +/- 12 years): 113 were hospitalized, 50 with decompensated biventricular failure (DecompHF), 24 with acute left heart failure, and 39 with heart disease, but no heart failure (HDNHF); and 18 were outpatients with compensated heart failure. At the time of admission or outpatient visit, we monitored: white blood cell count and %L; and serum albumin, 25(OH)D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Results: White blood cell count did not differ among the groups, whereas %L was reduced only in those with DecompHF (15 +/- 1%; P < 0.05) versus 25 +/- 2% with left heart failure, 29 +/- 1% in HDNHF, and 28 +/- 3% in compensated heart failure. Serum albumin was reduced in DecompHF (2.8 +/- 0.1; P < 0.05), but not in any of the other groups. Reduced 25(OH)D (<30 ng/mL), in keeping with hypovitaminosis D, was found in all AA, whereas elevated serum PTH (>65 pg/mL) was found only in those with DecompHF (123 +/- 22 pg/mL).
Conclusions: A relative lymphocytopenia, together with hypoalbuminemia and elevated PTH, were found only in hospitalized AA with DecompHF. These findings implicate splanchnic congestion and the enteric loss of lymphocytes and albumin with an associated secondary hyperparathyroidism.