Abstract
Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a critical mediator of severe inflammatory diseases such as pneumonia, and the PAF-receptor (PAFR) is known to be an anchor for Streptococcus pneumoniae attachment to lung epithelial cells. We conducted a DNA microarray analysis to detect critical factors that mediate fulminant pneumonia due to influenza virus and S. pneumoniae co-infection in mice. Among the factors detected, levels of PAF-acetyl hydrolase (PAF-AH), which functions as inactivated PAF, were significantly increased, and PAFR was expressed in co-infected mouse lungs, as compared to the respective levels in mice infected with either S. pneumoniae or virus alone. Significantly elevated PAF-AH enzymatic activity was observed in the co-infected mouse lung, suggesting that co-infection activated PAF-related factors. These findings suggest that PAF and related molecules play important roles in fulminant pneumonia due to influenza virus infection, especially when severe bacterial pneumonia is complicated by co-infection with influenza virus.
MeSH terms
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1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / genetics
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1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / metabolism
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Animals
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Blotting, Western
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / immunology*
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / metabolism
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred CBA
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Microarray Analysis
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / complications*
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / genetics
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / metabolism
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Platelet Activating Factor / genetics
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Platelet Activating Factor / metabolism*
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Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
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Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism*
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Pneumonia / complications*
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Pneumonia / immunology
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Pneumonia / metabolism
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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RNA, Messenger / isolation & purification
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / genetics
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / metabolism*
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Reverse Transcription
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Streptococcus pneumoniae / genetics
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Streptococcus pneumoniae / immunology*
Substances
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Platelet Activating Factor
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Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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platelet activating factor receptor
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1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase