Cough occurs as a result of the activation of specific airway sensory nerves. The mechanisms by which tussive stimuli activate these sensory nerves are starting to be understood and suggest that TRPA1 channels are heavily involved. TRPA1 channels are nociceptor-specific ion channels that are gated by a wide range of exogenous irritants and endogenously-produced inflammatory mediators, suggesting that the blockade of TRPA1 represents a novel therapy for the treatment of cough in humans.