Activated V gamma 9V delta 2 T cells trigger granulocyte functions via MCP-2 release

J Immunol. 2009 Jan 1;182(1):522-9. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.522.

Abstract

Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells display a broad antimicrobial activity by directly killing infected cells and by inducing an effective adaptive immune response. The activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells by aminobisphosphonate drugs such as zoledronic acid (ZOL) results in a massive release of cytokines and chemokines that may induce a bystander activation of other immune cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of soluble factors released by ZOL-activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells to induce granulocyte activation. We showed that soluble factors released by ZOL-stimulated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells activate granulocytes by inducing their chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and alpha-defensins release. Proteomic analysis allowed us to identify a number of cytokines and chemokines specifically released by activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. Moreover, MCP-2 depletion by neutralizing Ab revealed a critical role of this chemokine in induction of granulocyte alpha-defensins release. Altogether, these data show a Vgamma9Vdelta2-mediated activation of granulocytes through a bystander mechanism, and confirm the wide ability of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T-lymphocytes in orchestrating the immune response. In conclusion, an immune modulating strategy targeting Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells may represent a key switch to induce an effective and well-coordinated immune response, and can be proposed as a way to strengthen the immune competence during infectious diseases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bystander Effect / drug effects
  • Bystander Effect / immunology
  • Cell Degranulation / immunology
  • Cell Movement / drug effects
  • Cell Movement / immunology
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chemokine CCL8 / metabolism*
  • Chemokine CCL8 / physiology
  • Coculture Techniques
  • Diphosphonates / pharmacology
  • Granulocytes / drug effects
  • Granulocytes / immunology*
  • Granulocytes / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / pharmacology
  • Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Monocytes / drug effects
  • Monocytes / immunology
  • Monocytes / metabolism
  • Neutrophils / drug effects
  • Neutrophils / immunology
  • Neutrophils / metabolism
  • Phagocytosis / drug effects
  • Phagocytosis / immunology
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta* / biosynthesis
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / drug effects
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism
  • Zoledronic Acid
  • alpha-Defensins / metabolism

Substances

  • CCL8 protein, human
  • Chemokine CCL8
  • Diphosphonates
  • Imidazoles
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
  • alpha-Defensins
  • Zoledronic Acid