Abstract
Addition of 0.5% chitosan derivative to parenteral inactivated influenza vaccines increased antibody titers in the single immunization of mice by 4-5 times while double immunization showed 6-to-10-fold increases as compared with immunization without chitosan. Moreover, chitosan-containing vaccines induced the generation of antibodies to the drift variants of influenza virus. When the mice were given inactivated influenza virus A/H5N2 vaccine containing chitosan, immunogenicity and protective efficacy were much higher than when they received a vaccine containing no chitosan.
MeSH terms
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Adjuvants, Immunologic / administration & dosage*
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Animals
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Antibodies, Viral / blood
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Antibodies, Viral / immunology
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Chitosan / administration & dosage*
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Chitosan / immunology
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Cross Reactions
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Genetic Drift
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Immunization
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Immunization Schedule
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Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / immunology
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Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / genetics
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Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / immunology
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Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype / immunology*
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Influenza Vaccines / administration & dosage*
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Influenza Vaccines / immunology*
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Injections, Intramuscular
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / immunology
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Orthomyxoviridae Infections / prevention & control*
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Vaccines, Inactivated / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology
Substances
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Adjuvants, Immunologic
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Antibodies, Viral
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Influenza Vaccines
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Vaccines, Inactivated
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Chitosan