Abstract
A total of 16 water samples from four rivers in Japan were examined for their agonistic activities against five human nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] alpha, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, retinoic acid receptor [RAR] alpha, retinoid X receptor alpha, and vitamin D receptor) by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The results suggest that the river environment is contaminated with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interact with a variety of nuclear receptors and that contamination with those that have RAR agonistic activity may be more serious than contamination with well-known EDCs that act as ER agonists.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Endocrine Disruptors / analysis*
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Endocrine Disruptors / pharmacology
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Environmental Monitoring / methods
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Estrogen Receptor alpha / analysis
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Estrogen Receptor alpha / drug effects
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Fresh Water / chemistry*
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Humans
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Receptors, Calcitriol / analysis
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Receptors, Calcitriol / drug effects
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / analysis*
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / drug effects
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / analysis
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid / drug effects
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Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
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Retinoid X Receptor alpha / analysis
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Retinoid X Receptor alpha / drug effects
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / drug effects
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / genetics*
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae / metabolism
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Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha / analysis
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Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha / drug effects
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Two-Hybrid System Techniques*
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Water Pollutants, Chemical / analysis*
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Water Pollutants, Chemical / pharmacology
Substances
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Endocrine Disruptors
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Estrogen Receptor alpha
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RARA protein, human
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Receptors, Calcitriol
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Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
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Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
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Retinoid X Receptor alpha
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Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha
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Water Pollutants, Chemical