Cardiac troponins (cTn) are highly sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury. Elevated cTn levels have considerable significance in both prognosis and guidance of the therapy of acute coronary syndrome. Thus, cTn measurements are commonly utilized in coronary care units and emergency departments to diagnose acute coronary syndrome. However, it must be considered that cTn elevations may be seen in many diseases other than acute coronary syndrome. In this article, we reviewed the clinical syndromes associated with elevated cTn levels.