A survey of the animal production systems and genetic resources was conducted in Tombali Province, Guinea Bissau. Animal owners and their families, village chiefs, shepherds and local officials were interviewed. The vast majority of the population is dedicated to very small-scale subsistence farming where animal ownership has an important role in both food supply, ceremonial events and as form of cash reserve. Animal production in the area is characterized by the existence of several ethnic groups: Balanta, Nalú, Sosso, Biafada and Fula. Only Balanta raise cattle (N'Dama and West African Shorthorn) and pig (crioulo breed) whereas all ethnic groups own goats (West African Dwarf), chickens and ducks. Sheep are limited to specific areas and ethnic groups. The survey is intended to serve as a basis to possible agricultural and animal production development projects in this area.