Knotted fusion proteins reveal unexpected possibilities in protein folding

Mol Cell. 2008 Jun 6;30(5):642-8. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.019.

Abstract

Proteins that contain a distinct knot in their native structure are impressive examples of biological self-organization. Although this topological complexity does not appear to cause a folding problem, the mechanisms by which such knotted proteins form are unknown. We found that the fusion of an additional protein domain to either the amino terminus, the carboxy terminus, or to both termini of two small knotted proteins did not affect their ability to knot. The multidomain constructs remained able to fold to structures previously thought unfeasible, some representing the deepest protein knots known. By examining the folding kinetics of these fusion proteins, we found evidence to suggest that knotting is not rate limiting during folding, but instead occurs in a denatured-like state. These studies offer experimental insights into when knot formation occurs in natural proteins and demonstrate that early folding events can lead to diverse and sometimes unexpected protein topologies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Archaeoglobus fulgidus / chemistry
  • Archaeoglobus fulgidus / genetics
  • Dimerization
  • Escherichia coli / chemistry
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Haemophilus influenzae / chemistry
  • Haemophilus influenzae / genetics
  • Methyltransferases / chemistry
  • Methyltransferases / genetics
  • Methyltransferases / metabolism
  • Protein Folding*
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / chemistry*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism*
  • Urea / pharmacology

Substances

  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Urea
  • Methyltransferases